<div dir="ltr"><div>First: I didn't notice that you mentioned `/etc/grub.d/` in your first email. Sorry for the noise.</div><div><br></div>The '.d' directories are a way to allow a configuration file to be built from disparate parts. You can imagine how a variety of different packages may all need to make changes to a single configuration file. Rather than having each package try to edit that file directly, they can simply add their config snippet to the '.d' directories as a file and it will be bundled together when the configuration file is built. The files are generally bundled/concatenated together in numerical order.<div><br></div><div>In your case you probably want to edit '40_custom' to include something like `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="<whatever options you want>"`. After that you can run `update-grub` and you should see the changes next time you boot.</div><div><br></div><div>A couple things to note: I haven't done this in a while so no guarantees/warranties :). Also, I'm not positive that "<span style="font-size:small;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;float:none;display:inline">GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT" is the right variable, and you'll want to make sure that you include whatever previous options were in there originally, not just the one you want to add. Make sure you know what the working options are so you can enter them manually in case of an emergency since you don't want to end up with an unbootable system. All in all, you may need to play around with things a bit to get them working properly.</span></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jul 26, 2018 at 6:35 PM, Brian E. Lavender <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:brian@brie.com" target="_blank">brian@brie.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Yes, I have the /etc/grub.d/ directory with a bunch of files. I am not<br>
sure how to edit these files.<br>
<br>
00_header<br>
05_debian_theme<br>
10_linux<br>
20_linux_xen<br>
30_os-prober<br>
30_uefi-firmware<br>
40_custom<br>
41_custom<br>
<span class=""><br>
On Thu, Jul 26, 2018 at 04:38:27PM -0400, Nicholas Weigand wrote:<br>
> Do you have an /etc/grub.d/ directory? I would think that would be the<br>
> better place anyway since /etc/default/grub may be owned by the grub<br>
> package and be liable to be overwritten.<br>
> <br>
</span>> On Thu, Jul 26, 2018 at 4:30 PM, Brian E. Lavender <[1]<a href="mailto:brian@brie.com">brian@brie.com</a>><br>
<span class="">> wrote:<br>
> <br>
> there is no /etc/default/grub on my system. I installed with<br>
> Xen-tools.<br>
> I wonder if I add that file and a configuration setting if it will<br>
> use<br>
> it?<br>
> brian<br>
> On Thu, Jul 26, 2018 at 12:55:06PM -0700, Kevin Lucas wrote:<br>
> > It may depend on the distro but I believe it's in<br>
> /etc/default/grub on<br>
> > Debian. Run update-grub after your change to apply it.<br>
> ><br>
> > Kev.<br>
</span>> > On Thu, Jul 26, 2018, 12:02 PM <[1][2]vox-tech-request@lists.<br>
<span class="">> <a href="http://lugod.org" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">lugod.org</a>><br>
> > wrote:<br>
> ><br>
> > Send vox-tech mailing list submissions to<br>
</span>> > [2][3]<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.org</a><br>
<span class="">> > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit<br>
</span>> > [3][4]<a href="http://lists.lugod.org/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/</a><br>
<span class="">> mailman/listinfo/vox-tech<br>
> > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to<br>
</span>> > [4][5]<a href="mailto:vox-tech-request@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-request@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
<span class="">> > You can reach the person managing the list at<br>
</span>> > [5][6]<a href="mailto:vox-tech-owner@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-owner@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
<span class="">> > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more<br>
> specific<br>
> > than "Re: Contents of vox-tech digest..."<br>
> > Today's Topics:<br>
> > 1. kernel options for grub (Brian E. Lavender)<br>
> > ------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<br>
> --------<br>
> > --<br>
> > Message: 1<br>
> > Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 09:59:31 -0700<br>
</span>> > From: "Brian E. Lavender" <[6][7]<a href="mailto:brian@brie.com">brian@brie.com</a>><br>
> > To: [7][8]<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.org</a><br>
<span class="">> > Subject: [vox-tech] kernel options for grub<br>
</span>> > Message-ID: <[8][9]<a href="mailto:20180726165931.bzfctu5xjrxge5e5@brie.com">20180726165931.<wbr>bzfctu5xjrxge5e5@brie.com</a>><br>
<span class="">> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
> > I want the update-grub to add the following option<br>
> > pti=off<br>
> > to the auto generated kernels in /boot/grub/menu.lst<br>
> > Where do I add the option?<br>
> ><br>
> > I see /etc/grub.d/<br>
> ><br>
> > I see a bunch of files there, but I have no clue where to<br>
> > automatically<br>
> > add this option so that it adds it to the kernel line for the<br>
> > kernel.<br>
> > brian<br>
> > --<br>
> > Brian Lavender<br>
</span>> > [9][10]<a href="http://www.brie.com/brian/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.brie.com/<wbr>brian/</a><br>
<span class="">> > "There are two ways of constructing a software design. One<br>
> way is to<br>
> > make it so simple that there are obviously no deficiencies.<br>
> And the<br>
> > other<br>
> > way is to make it so complicated that there are no obvious<br>
> > deficiencies."<br>
> > Professor C. A. R. Hoare<br>
> > The 1980 Turing award lecture<br>
> > -------------- next part --------------<br>
> > A non-text attachment was scrubbed...<br>
> > Name: signature.asc<br>
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> > URL:<br>
</span>> > <[10][11]<a href="http://lists.lugod.org/pipermail/vox-tech/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.<wbr>org/pipermail/vox-tech/</a><br>
<span class="">> attachments/20180726/<br>
> > 304a6f6e/attachment-0001.sig><br>
> > ------------------------------<br>
> > Subject: Digest Footer<br>
> > ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
> > vox-tech mailing list<br>
</span>> > [11][12]<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.<wbr>org</a><br>
> > [12][13]<a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.<wbr>org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
<span class="">> > ------------------------------<br>
> > End of vox-tech Digest, Vol 153, Issue 1<br>
> > ******************************<wbr>**********<br>
> ><br>
> > References<br>
> ><br>
</span>> > 1. mailto:[14]<a href="mailto:vox-tech-request@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-request@<wbr>lists.lugod.org</a><br>
> > 2. mailto:[15]<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
> > 3. [16]<a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
> > 4. mailto:[17]<a href="mailto:vox-tech-request@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-request@<wbr>lists.lugod.org</a><br>
> > 5. mailto:[18]<a href="mailto:vox-tech-owner@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-owner@<wbr>lists.lugod.org</a><br>
> > 6. mailto:[19]<a href="mailto:brian@brie.com">brian@brie.com</a><br>
> > 7. mailto:[20]<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
> > 8. mailto:[21]<a href="mailto:20180726165931.bzfctu5xjrxge5e5@brie.com">20180726165931.<wbr>bzfctu5xjrxge5e5@brie.com</a><br>
> > 9. [22]<a href="http://www.brie.com/brian/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.brie.com/brian/</a><br>
> > 10. [23]<a href="http://lists.lugod.org/pipermail/vox-tech/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>pipermail/vox-tech/</a><br>
> attachments/20180726/304a6f6e/<wbr>attachment-0001.sig<br>
> > 11. mailto:[24]<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
> > 12. [25]<a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
> > ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
> > vox-tech mailing list<br>
> > [26]<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.org</a><br>
> > [27]<a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
> <br>
> --<br>
> Brian Lavender<br>
> [28]<a href="http://www.brie.com/brian/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.brie.com/brian/</a><br>
<span class="">> "There are two ways of constructing a software design. One way is to<br>
> make it so simple that there are obviously no deficiencies. And the<br>
> other<br>
> way is to make it so complicated that there are no obvious<br>
> deficiencies."<br>
> Professor C. A. R. Hoare<br>
> The 1980 Turing award lecture<br>
> <br>
> ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
> vox-tech mailing list<br>
</span>> [29]<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.org</a><br>
> [30]<a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
> <br>
> References<br>
> <br>
> 1. mailto:<a href="mailto:brian@brie.com">brian@brie.com</a><br>
> 2. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech-request@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-request@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
> 3. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.<wbr>org</a><br>
> 4. <a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
> 5. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech-request@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-request@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
> 6. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech-owner@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-owner@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
> 7. mailto:<a href="mailto:brian@brie.com">brian@brie.com</a><br>
> 8. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.<wbr>org</a><br>
> 9. mailto:<a href="mailto:20180726165931.bzfctu5xjrxge5e5@brie.com">20180726165931.<wbr>bzfctu5xjrxge5e5@brie.com</a><br>
> 10. <a href="http://www.brie.com/brian/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.brie.com/brian/</a><br>
> 11. <a href="http://lists.lugod.org/pipermail/vox-tech/attachments/20180726/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>pipermail/vox-tech/<wbr>attachments/20180726/</a><br>
> 12. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.<wbr>org</a><br>
> 13. <a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
> 14. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech-request@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-request@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
> 15. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.<wbr>org</a><br>
> 16. <a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
> 17. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech-request@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-request@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
> 18. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech-owner@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech-owner@lists.<wbr>lugod.org</a><br>
> 19. mailto:<a href="mailto:brian@brie.com">brian@brie.com</a><br>
> 20. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.<wbr>org</a><br>
> 21. mailto:<a href="mailto:20180726165931.bzfctu5xjrxge5e5@brie.com">20180726165931.<wbr>bzfctu5xjrxge5e5@brie.com</a><br>
> 22. <a href="http://www.brie.com/brian/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.brie.com/brian/</a><br>
> 23. <a href="http://lists.lugod.org/pipermail/vox-tech/attachments/20180726/304a6f6e/attachment-0001.sig" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>pipermail/vox-tech/<wbr>attachments/20180726/304a6f6e/<wbr>attachment-0001.sig</a><br>
> 24. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.<wbr>org</a><br>
> 25. <a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
> 26. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.<wbr>org</a><br>
> 27. <a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
> 28. <a href="http://www.brie.com/brian/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.brie.com/brian/</a><br>
> 29. mailto:<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.<wbr>org</a><br>
> 30. <a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
<div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5"><br>
> ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
> vox-tech mailing list<br>
> <a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.org</a><br>
> <a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Brian Lavender<br>
<a href="http://www.brie.com/brian/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.brie.com/brian/</a><br>
<br>
"There are two ways of constructing a software design. One way is to<br>
make it so simple that there are obviously no deficiencies. And the other<br>
way is to make it so complicated that there are no obvious deficiencies."<br>
<br>
Professor C. A. R. Hoare<br>
The 1980 Turing award lecture<br>
</div></div><br>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
vox-tech mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:vox-tech@lists.lugod.org">vox-tech@lists.lugod.org</a><br>
<a href="http://lists.lugod.org/mailman/listinfo/vox-tech" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://lists.lugod.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/vox-tech</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br></div>